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Welcome to the 6th edition of empirical research methods and medical engineering.

Today I'll speak about collection of data and data processing or mostly data preprocessing

qualitative and quantitative research, although the focus is on quantitative research.

So the agenda for today is first we speak about the collection of data about one kind of

data collection observation.

Another one is interviews, we speak about questionnaires, psychological tests, psychometric tests,

and then we speak about data preprocessing or basically data processing but some of it

is also data, the focus is on preprocessing.

So now we come to the collection of data and you already had some ideas of it so we'll

just do a short recap.

In the last session, there was an overview and a introduction to qualitative research

methods and there you covered the impact of qualitative research, why should you care

about qualitative research, what's part of it, what's good interviewing.

So basically you had already interviews which is a kind of data collection, how to conduct

them, as far as I know you've already also made some interviews with your student mates

and also everything that goes with interviews so we won't repeat that again just so you

see how it's all connected.

In lecture three, we covered the fundamentals in empirical research, so which kind of scales

there are nominal, original, interval and ratio which is also important when you collect

the data to think of what kind of scales you might use so just as a short recap of what

we've already covered and what you the knowledge that you need in this list.

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I'll continue with collection of data and the first kind of collection of data that we

will cover in this lecture is an observation.

So there are different kinds of observations.

One is the scientific observation, the other one is the everyday observation, the scientific

observation, the one that is also of more interest here is a perfect post-soul systematic

and rule-governed recording, documentation and interpretation of characteristics, events

of behaviors was the help of human sensory organs, so like eyes mostly oftentimes and

or technical sensors at the time of their occurrence, so the occurrence of the event.

And data collection is part of an empirical research process in a planned and documented

manner.

Prospectivity, selectivity and constructiveness of the observation process are disclosed,

seretically reflected and controlled.

So it's a really assimilation and everything is controlled and it's a simultaneous use

of several observers and comparison of the results in order to minimize observation errors.

So that is how a scientific observation is constructed and then there's also an everyday

observation which is an arbitrary individual observation which are subjectively interpreted

and evaluated and they're also called typical and so called anecdotal evidence and there's

no control over what is observed as it's arbitrary.

So we have qualitative observations which are verbal visual or audiovisual data which

represent the respective object of observation in great detail and verbal data in the form

of observation protocols, so qualitative observations often take place as participant